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title: Genetically Engineered Mosquitoes Could Lower Malaria Rates
description: Using a new gene-editing technique, scientists have found a way to permanently alter the genome of mosquitoes so they can’t spread malaria
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article:published_time: 2015-11-24T17:25:09.000Z
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og:title: Genetically Engineered Mosquitoes Could Curb Malaria
og:description: Using a new gene-editing technique, scientists have found a way to permanently alter the genome of mosquitoes so they can’t spread malaria
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# Researchers Have Created Malaria-Resistant Mosquitoes

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<!-- video src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/kU7yWExo.m3u8" -->
## Video: How Genetically Modified Mosquitoes Could Help Stop Malaria

[Watch (HLS stream): How Genetically Modified Mosquitoes Could Help Stop Malaria](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/kU7yWExo.m3u8) (1:04)

![How Genetically Modified Mosquitoes Could Help Stop Malaria](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/kU7yWExo/poster.jpg?width=720)

_Published 2015-11-24. Scientists have shown that genetically modified mosquitoes, bred to resist malaria, can pass on those traits to their offspring._


![Alice Park](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt9b1ff6b12c3a4c3f/698a0b4397cdff3e366ba723/200116_Time_Headshots_Day552832-e1583529256299.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)

by 

[Alice Park](https://time.com/author/alice-park/)


![Alice Park](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt9b1ff6b12c3a4c3f/698a0b4397cdff3e366ba723/200116_Time_Headshots_Day552832-e1583529256299.jpg?branch=production&width=96&quality=75&auto=webp)

## Alice Park


Senior Correspondent

Nov 24, 2015 5:25 PM UTC

![Alice Park](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt9b1ff6b12c3a4c3f/698a0b4397cdff3e366ba723/200116_Time_Headshots_Day552832-e1583529256299.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)

by 

[Alice Park](https://time.com/author/alice-park/)


![Alice Park](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt9b1ff6b12c3a4c3f/698a0b4397cdff3e366ba723/200116_Time_Headshots_Day552832-e1583529256299.jpg?branch=production&width=96&quality=75&auto=webp)

## Alice Park


Senior Correspondent

Nov 24, 2015 5:25 PM UTC

If there’s an organism that should get credit for finding ingenious ways to survive it’s the malaria parasite. It exploits the mobile and blood-feeding mosquito as its transportation, hitching rides on the insects that live by feeding on the blood of human and animal hosts. As the insect feeds, the malaria parasite decamps and selfishly moves on to the more fertile host, quickly infecting new cells and finding every opportunity to reproduce and spew out more progeny.

Now researchers report they’ve found a way to make the mosquito a less hapless host. Using a new gene-editing technique that allows them to slice the genome in very locations and splice in new genetic material, [two teams report in PNAS](http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1521077112) that they have created a mosquito that not only is resistant to infection with _Plasmodium falciparum_ but can pass this resistance on to its offspring.

**MORE:** [The First-Ever Malaria Vaccine Just Got a Big Break](http://time.com/3970282/malaria-vaccine-approved/)

Anthony A. James and his colleagues at the University of California Irvine developed a way to splice in a gene that helps the mosquito pump out antibodies to the parasite, while Valentino Gantz and Ethan Bier from the University of California San Diego found a way to perpetuate that resistance to future generations of mosquitos.

James relied on a [cutting edge new technology called CRISPR/Cas9](http://time.com/3822554/emmanuelle-charpentier-jennifer-doudna-2015-time-100/), which allows him to develop the genetic equivalent of a dotted outline in the mosquito’s genome that molecular scissors can then cut out. Finding the right place to cut the mosquito genome is critical, so whatever genes are then stitched in can be produced in large enough quantities without affecting the insect’s other processes. James inserted a sequence that turns on robust production of anti-malaria antibodies.


**MORE:** [‘Super Mosquito’ Resistant to Malaria Insecticide Found in Mali](http://time.com/3665258/super-mosquito-mali-malaria/)

Simply inserting the genes that produce antibodies to Plasmodium would help to prevent some mosquitoes from passing on malaria when they bite people. But to really lower infection rates in places like sub Saharan Africa where a quarter of the population is at risk of infection, the scientists wanted to take an additional step and find a way for the mosquitoes to pass along the resistance so scientists wouldn’t have to attempt to genetically alter hundreds or even thousands of insect larvae.

To accomplish that, Gantz and Bier manipulated something called the gene drive, a sequence of DNA that can be copied from a male onto the female’s chromosome and thus assure that the genetic material — in this case the malaria resistance genes — is being passed on to their offspring.

**MORE:** [Researchers Find New Way to Kick Out HIV From Infected Cells](http://time.com/3012981/hiv-drug-aids-virus-splice/)


It’s an important first step toward what could potentially be an efficient way to render mosquitoes essentially useless hosts. But nature is just as clever, and the researchers say that the female mosquitoes have a genetic block to the gene drive process that could limit the efficiency of pushing the anti-malaria antibodies onto their progeny.

If additional studies show the gene-editing and gene drive strategy are safe and feasible, it could represent an important milestone in controlling a devastating disease that kills half a million people each year globally.


## Transcript

Malaria killed more than half a million people last year. Now scientists are targeting the mosquitos that spread it. Scientists studying Anopheles Mosquitos, a common malaria carrier, altered the insect's DNA to reject the parasites that carry the disease. That means whole populations of mosquitoes could potentially become immune to the disease stopping the spread to humans. The scientists also reported the modified mosquitoes successfully passed the resistance on to their offspring. But there's a long way to go before field tests Staying in. The scientists say other measures like mosquito netting and anti- malarial drugs would still be needed to fight the disease.

Still, it's an alternative to other genetic mosquito efforts, like the one Florida is pursuing. It's downright disrespectful and offensive. Because we are humans and we don't like being treated like guinea pigs. That method has met resistance from locals who opposed field tests. It's aimed at eliminating the mosquito population which is invasive. That's something communities in Africa facing malaria can't do because of the potential ecological impacts and that makes this new method of scrubbing malaria out genetically all the more attractive.

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