--- title: 4 Strategies for Remembering Everything You Learn description: Force yourself to recall canonical: https://time.com/4030386/memorization-techniques/ author: Business Insider article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2015-09-11T15:11:15.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-08-04T07:57:51.545Z article:section: Health og:title: 4 Strategies for Remembering Everything You Learn og:description: Force yourself to recall og:url: https://time.com/4030386/memorization-techniques/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta1527b72ca1ddfbc/6988604b524fc0f68ddf4298/alzheimers-health-illo.jpg?branch=production&width=1000&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 1000 og:image:height: 563 og:image:alt: TIME.com stock health alzheimers og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: 4 Strategies for Remembering Everything You Learn twitter:description: Force yourself to recall twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta1527b72ca1ddfbc/6988604b524fc0f68ddf4298/alzheimers-health-illo.jpg?branch=production&width=1000&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # 4 Ways to Remember Everything You Learn > Sponsored content. 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Melinda Gates talks to TIME's Belinda Luscombe about the biggest problem for women in the workplace_ by [Drake Baer / Business Insider](https://time.com/author/business-insider/) ## Drake Baer / Business Insider Sep 11, 2015 3:11 PM UTC  Illustration by Sydney Rae Hass for TIME by [Drake Baer / Business Insider](https://time.com/author/business-insider/) ## Drake Baer / Business Insider Sep 11, 2015 3:11 PM UTC If you’re going to learn anything, you need [two kinds of prior knowledge](http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/10/smart-strategies-that-help-students-learn-how-to-learn/): * knowledge about the subject at hand, like math, history, or programming * knowledge about how learning actually works The bad news: Our education system kinda skips one of them, which is terrifying, given that your ability to learn is such a huge predictor of success in life, from achieving in academics to getting ahead at work. It all requires [mastering skill after skill](http://www.businessinsider.com/learning-hacks-that-will-maximize-your-memory-2014-6). “Parents and educators are pretty good at imparting the first kind of knowledge,” [shares psych writer Annie Murphy Paul](http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/10/smart-strategies-that-help-students-learn-how-to-learn/). “We’re comfortable talking about concrete information: names, dates, numbers, facts. But the guidance we offer on the act of learning itself — the ‘metacognitive’ aspects of learning — is more hit-or-miss, and it shows.” To wit, new education research shows that low-achieving students have “[substantial deficits](http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/10/smart-strategies-that-help-students-learn-how-to-learn/)” in their understanding of the cognitive strategies that allow people to learn well. This, Paul [says](http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/10/smart-strategies-that-help-students-learn-how-to-learn/), suggests that part of the reason students perform poorly is that they don’t know a lot about how learning actually works. It’s a culture-wide issue. Henry Roediger and Mark McDaniel, psychologists at Washington University in St. Louis and co-authors of [_Make It Stick: The Science Of Successful Learning_](http://www.amazon.com/Make-It-Stick-Successful-Learning/dp/0674729013/ref=pd%5Fsim%5Fb%5F2?ie=UTF8&refRID=0ZQYPYEW79NRSMJYVPZM&tag=bisafetynet-20), say that “how we teach and study is largely a mix of theory, lore and intuition.” So let’s cut through that lore. Here are learning strategies that really work. **Force yourself to recall** The least-fun part of effective learning is that it’s hard. In fact, the [_Make It Stick_](http://www.amazon.com/Make-It-Stick-Successful-Learning/dp/0674729013/ref=pd%5Fsim%5Fb%5F2?ie=UTF8&refRID=0ZQYPYEW79NRSMJYVPZM&tag=bisafetynet-20) authors contend that when learning if difficult, you’re doing _your best_ learning, in the same way that lifting a weight at the limit of your capacity makes you strongest. It’s simple, though not easy, to take advantage of this: force yourself to recall a fact. [Flashcards](http://www.cram.com/) are a great ally in this, since they force you to supply answers. **Don’t fall for fluency** When you’re reading something and it feels easy, what you’re experiencing is _fluency_. It’ll only get you in trouble. Example: Say, for instance, you’re at the airport and you’re trying to remember which gate your flight to Chicago is waiting for you at. You look at the terminal monitors — it’s B44\. You think to yourself, _oh, B44, that’s easy_. Then you walk away, idly check your phone, and instantly forget where you’re going. The alternative: You read the gate number. Then you turn away from the monitor and ask yourself, _what’s the gate?_ If you can _recall_ that it’s B44, you’re good to go. **Connect the new thing to the old things** “The more you can explain about the way your new learning relates to prior knowledge,” the [_Make It Stick_](http://www.amazon.com/Make-It-Stick-Successful-Learning/dp/0674729013/ref=pd%5Fsim%5Fb%5F2?ie=UTF8&refRID=0ZQYPYEW79NRSMJYVPZM&tag=bisafetynet-20) authors write, “the stronger your grasp of the new learning will be, and the more connections you create that will help you remember it later.” When you’re weaving in new threads into your pre-existing web of knowledge, you’re _elaborating._ One killer technique is to come up with real-life examples of principles you’ve just uncovered. If you’ve just learned about [slant rhyme](http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/75/poems-of-emily-bronte/5180/stars/), you could [read poems that exhibit it](http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/75/poems-of-emily-bronte/5180/stars/). If you’ve just discovered heat transfer, you could think of the way a warm cup of cocoa disperses warmth into your hands on a cold winter’s day. **Reflect, reflect, reflect** Looking back helps. In a Harvard Business School [study](http://www.businessinsider.com/this-15-minute-activity-will-make-you-more-successful-at-work-2014-5), employees who were onboarded to a call center had 22.8% higher performance than the control group when they spent just 15 minutes reflecting on their work at the end of the day. “When people have the opportunity to reflect, they experience a boost in self-efficacy,” [HBS professor Francesca Gino tells us](http://www.businessinsider.com/this-15-minute-activity-will-make-you-more-successful-at-work-2014-5). “They feel more confident that they can achieve things. As a result, they put more effort into what they’re doing and what they learn.” While reflecting may seem like it leads to working less, it leads to achieving more. _This_ [_article_](http://www.businessinsider.com/strategies-for-remembering-everything-you-learn-2014-8) _originally appeared on_ [_Business Insider_](http://www.businessinsider.com) _More from Business Insider:_ * [6 science-backed ways to look smarter than you are](http://www.businessinsider.com/how-appear-more-intelligent-strategies-2015-9) * [15 Stephen Hawking quotes that reveal how a genius thinks](http://www.businessinsider.com/best-stephen-hawking-quotes-2015-9) * [10 sentences excellent speakers never say](http://www.businessinsider.com/10-things-excellent-speakers-never-say-2015-5) * [25 simple things to give up if you want to succeed](http://www.businessinsider.com/25-simple-things-to-give-up-if-you-want-to-succeed-2015-9) * [7 body-language tricks to make anyone instantly like you](http://www.businessinsider.com/body-language-tricks-to-make-people-like-you-2014-7) ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/4030386/memorization-techniques/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/4030386/memorization-techniques/"},"headline":"4 Ways to Remember Everything You Learn","datePublished":"2015-09-11T15:11:15.000Z","dateModified":"2026-08-04T07:57:51.545Z","description":"Force yourself to recall","url":"https://time.com/4030386/memorization-techniques/","keywords":["advice","Brain","memory"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta1527b72ca1ddfbc/6988604b524fc0f68ddf4298/alzheimers-health-illo.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Drake Baer / Business Insider"}],"articleSection":"Health","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta1527b72ca1ddfbc/6988604b524fc0f68ddf4298/alzheimers-health-illo.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"TIME.com stock health alzheimers","caption":"TIME.com stock health alzheimers","creditText":"Illustration by Sydney Rae Hass for TIME","representativeOfPage":true}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/section/health/","name":"Health"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/tag/advice/","name":"advice"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/4030386/memorization-techniques/","name":"4 Ways to Remember Everything You Learn"}}]},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"VideoObject","name":"Melinda Gates on Women's Biggest Problem in the Workplace","description":"Melinda Gates talks to TIME's Belinda Luscombe about the biggest problem for women in the workplace","thumbnailUrl":"https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/umfaJAjz/poster.jpg?width=720","uploadDate":"2014-11-19T23:55:26.000Z","contentUrl":"https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/umfaJAjz.m3u8","embedUrl":"https://time.com/4030386/memorization-techniques/","duration":"PT1M","potentialAction":{"@type":"SeekToAction","target":"https://time.com/4030386/memorization-techniques/?jw_start={seek_to_second_number}","startOffset-input":"required name=seek_to_second_number"}}] ```