--- title: Spelling Bee: A Theory Behind Why South Asian-Americans Dominate description: Shalini Shankar, a professor of anthropology and Asian-American studies, explains why so many elite spellers are of South Asian origin. canonical: https://time.com/3901006/scripps-spelling-bee-south-asian-india-pakistan-bangladesh/ author: Katy Steinmetz article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2015-05-29T03:38:12.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-08-04T07:43:36.414Z og:title: Why South Asian-Americans Rule the Spelling Bee og:description: Anthropology professor Shalini Shankar speaks to TIME about her theory og:url: https://time.com/3901006/scripps-spelling-bee-south-asian-india-pakistan-bangladesh/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt3dbf3fda383e8428/6988522bcd68482fb70a0165/475030590.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 3000 og:image:height: 1688 og:image:alt: Champion Spellers Compete In Scripps National Spelling Bee og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: Why South Asian-Americans Rule the Spelling Bee twitter:description: Anthropology professor Shalini Shankar speaks to TIME about her theory twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt3dbf3fda383e8428/6988522bcd68482fb70a0165/475030590.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 video:duration: 01:39 video:published: 2013-04-10 section: video topics: spelling bee, vocabulary test, word definitions, Scripps, eighth graders, semi-finals and finals, winning words, guetapen, cymotrichous, stromuhr genre: explainer, quiz tones: playful, humorous, light, educational emotions: amusement (high), curiosity (medium), lightheartedness (medium) sentiment: positive audience: students, parents, spelling bee fans, general viewers, word enthusiasts organizations: Scripps transcript_source: publisher captions transcript_reviewed: not applicable ---  # Here's a Theory About Why South Asian Americans Totally Rule the Spelling Bee > Sponsored content. 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Terms and conditions apply. * Savings buckets are a feature of Ally Bank's Savings Account. * No ATM fees from Ally Bank at Allpoint and Moneypass ATMs plus we reimburse for fees charged by other ATM owners nationwide up to $10 per statement cycle. * Early direct deposit offers eligible direct deposits up to two days sooner. * Spending buckets are a feature of Ally Bank's Spending Account. ## Video: National Spelling Bee: Can You Compete? [Watch (HLS stream): National Spelling Bee: Can You Compete?](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/dsFwYIQm.m3u8) (1:39)  _Published 2013-04-10. Starting this year, kids in the Scripps National Spelling Bee will have to define words as well as spell them. Can you define these Bee winning words?_ Description, summary, key points, chapters, key quotes, questions and transcript, where present, were produced automatically from the video or its captions and were not reviewed. ## Summary The video explains that contestants at the Scripps spelling bee previously did not have to know the definitions of the words they spelled. This year, spellers must score well on a multiple choice vocabulary test to reach the semi-finals and finals on May 28th through the 30th. The video then tests viewers on the definitions of recent winning words, including guetapen, cymotrichous and stromuhr. It ends by noting that the audience still claps for the losers. ## Key points - Contestants at the Scripps spelling bee know words like schwas and diphthongs but until this year did not have to know the definitions of the words they spelled. (00:14) - Judges will not ask contestants to use the word in a sentence. (00:23) - Spellers must score well on a multiple choice vocabulary test to advance to the semi-finals and finals. (00:28) - The semi-finals and finals take place May 28th through the 30th. (00:31) - Guetapen is defined as to ambush, snare, or trap. (00:56) - Cymotrichous is defined as having wavy hair. (01:10) - Stromuhr is defined as a rheometer designed to measure the amount and speed of blood flow through an artery. (01:22) ## Chapters - [00:00 to 00:14] Numb-nut cold open. The video opens with a joking exchange about the word numb-nut and whether someone knows what it means. - [00:14 to 00:45] New vocabulary rule for spellers. The video explains that spellers now must pass a multiple choice vocabulary test to reach the semi-finals and finals. - [00:45 to 01:39] Defining past winning words. The video challenges viewers to define winning words from the past three years and reveals each definition. ## Key quotes - [00:14] narrator: "The contestants at Script's spelling bee know their schwaas and dipthongs." - [00:16] narrator: "But until this year, they didn't have to know the definition of the words they were so deftly spelling." - [00:56] narrator: "Guetapen definition. To ambush, snare, or trap." - [01:10] narrator: "Cymotrichous definition, having wavy hair." - [01:29] narrator: "Don't worry, they still clap for the losers." ## Questions this video answers - What is changing for contestants in the Scripps spelling bee this year? [00:16] - How will spellers qualify for the semi-finals and finals? [00:28] - When are the semi-finals and finals being held? [00:31] - What does guetapen mean? [00:56] - What does cymotrichous mean? [01:10] - What does stromuhr mean? [01:22] by [Katy Steinmetz](https://time.com/author/katy-steinmetz/) ## Katy Steinmetz May 29, 2015 3:38 AM UTC  Speller Vanya Shivashankar (2L) of Olathe, Kansas, and speller Gokul Venkatachalam (R) of St. Louis, Missouri, celebrate with family members after winning the 2015 Scripps National Spelling Bee on May 28, 2015 in National Harbor, Maryland. Speller Vanya Shivashankar (2L) of Olathe, Kansas, and speller Gokul Venkatachalam (R) of St. Louis, Missouri, celebrate with family members after winning the 2015 Scripps National Spelling Bee on May 28, 2015 in National Harbor, Maryland. Alex Wong—Getty Images by [Katy Steinmetz](https://time.com/author/katy-steinmetz/) ## Katy Steinmetz May 29, 2015 3:38 AM UTC South Asian-Americans, whose forebears immigrated from countries like India or Pakistan, have now won the Scripps National Spelling Bee eight years in a row. At one point in the 2015 final, six of the remaining seven spellers were of that ethnicity, and in the end there were two: co-champions Vanya Shivashankar and Gokul Venkatachalam. That means that out of the last 16 years, spellers of South-Asian origin have lost only four competitions. And one Northwestern academic says it’s not a coincidence. Shalini Shankar, an associate professor of anthropology and Asian-American studies, spent this week with the 283 elite spellers who qualified for the bee in National Harbor, Md., continuing her research into what, exactly, might have produced this string of success. TIME spoke with Shankar about her interviews with parents, the kids’ intense preparation and how immigrant culture might lead to dominance in “brain sports.” (Hint: It doesn’t hurt that there is a spelling bee circuit exclusively for spellers of South-Asian descent.) **Who exactly are we talking about when we talk about top spellers in South Asian cultures?** Primarily India and Pakistan and Bangladesh are the countries that appear to have a lot of spellers. And when you look at South Asians in the South Asian spelling bee, it’s a range across those three countries. Occasionally from Sri Lanka as well. But once you get down to the finals or the championship level, it tends to be more spellers just from India. So Indian-Americans. Usually they are second generation. They were born in the United States to parents who are first generation Indian immigrants. **Is there a chance the string of wins by South Asian-Americans is a coincidence?** I think we can safely say it’s not a coincidence. I hesitate to call it dominance, only because it sounds like something premeditated or strategized. These kids come from families where their parents are really well educated, many of them, and their parents really emphasize education and certain types of extracurricular activities. Combined with that, they seem to have a real love of words and language and their parents foster that. **What kind of extracurricular activities are we talking about?** The parents spend a lot of their time and resources taking \[their kids\] to participate in what some of them describe as brain sports. So rather that going to travel baseball or travel soccer, they’re traveling this academic competition loop. Part of why you’re seeing their success on the rise is they’re in constant preparation mode for these various academic competitions. And there are several competitions that are exclusively for children of South Asian parentage. So they have more opportunities to do what they’re doing. ### The Most Emotional Moments in National Spelling Bee History  Andrew Lay of Stanley, N.C. reacts after he correctly spelled the word "negus" during the 2007 Scripps National Spelling Bee on May 31, 2007 in Washington. Alex Wong—Getty Images  Lance Letson Hungar of McLean, Va. waits for his turn during the semi-final round of the 2008 Scripps National Spelling Bee on May 30, 2008 in Washington. Molly Riley—Reuters  Lucas Liner, 14, of Luckey, Ohio struggles to spell "bobadil" in the third round of the National Spelling Bee on June 3, 2010 in Washington. Astrid Riecken—MCT/Getty Images  Samir Patel of Colleyville, Texas struggles to spell the word "eremacausis" during round 7 of the Scripps National Spelling Bee on June 1, 2006 in Washington. Mandel Ngan—AFP/Getty Images  Grifton Wright, of Jamaica, grimaces after misspelling "ericeticolous" during the final rounds of the Scripps National Spelling Bee on May 31, 2012 in in National Harbor, Md. Chuck Myers—MCT/Getty Images  Sidharth Chand, of Pontiac, Mich. reacts after misspelling "apodyterium" during the Scripps National Spelling Bee on May 28, 2009 in Washington. Robert Giroux—MCT/Getty Images  Veronica Penny of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, covers up her face as she tries to spell the word "clary" during round four of the Scripps National Spelling Bee competition on May 28, 2009 in Washington. Alex Wong—Getty Images  Sammy Totino, 14, of Chesterland, Ohio, reacts after misspelling the word "ocarina" during the 74th annual National Spelling Bee on May 31, 2001 in Washington. Ann Heisenfelt—AP  Justin Carroll concentrates on the word "synchretized", which he spelled in the final round of the Scripps Howard National Spelling Bee on June 1, 1995 in Washington. Jamal A. Wilson—AFP/Getty Images  David Tidmarsh, 14, of South Bend, Indi. peers over his placard after spelling the word "gaminerie" correctly to advance to round 15 during the National Spelling Bee on June 3, 2004 in Washington. Matthew Cavanaugh—Getty Images  Kennyi Aouad, 11, of Terre Haute, Ind., bursts into laughter when asked to spell the word, "sardoodledom," in round three of the Scripps National Spelling Bee on Wednesday, May 30, 2007 in Washington. Jacquelyn Martin—AP  Rebecca A. Sealfon, a 13-year-old eighth grade student from Brooklyn, N.Y. celebrates her win in the 70th Annual Scripps Howard National Spelling Bee on May 29, 1997 in Washington. Stephen Jaffe—AFP/Getty Images  Nupur Lala, 14, from Tampa, Fla., reacts to winning the 72nd annual National Spelling Bee after correctly spelling "logorrhea" on June 3, 1999 in Washington. Ron Edmonds—AP  Michael Reiner of Wellsville, Ohio flashes a big grin after correctly spelling "fete" at the Scripps National Spelling Bee on May 30, 2012 in National Harbor, Md. Chuck Myers—MCT/Getty Images  From left, Dylan O'Connor of Alexandria Bay, N.Y., Tajaun Gibbison of Mandeville, Jamaica, Téa Freedman-Susskind of Redmond, Wash., and Ankita Vadiala of Manassas, Va., celebrate after they qualified for the semifinal round of the National Spelling Bee on May 28, 2014 in Oxon Hill, Md. Evan Vucci—AP  Speller Jacob Williamson, of Cape Coral, Fla., competes in the finals of the 2014 Scripps National Spelling Bee in National Harbor, Md. on May 29, 2014. Chuck Myers—MCT /Landov  Family members come on stage with spellers Ansun Sujoe, of Fort Worth, left, and Sriram Hathwar, of Painted Post, N.Y., as they celebrate as co-winners of the the 2014 Scripps National Spelling Bee in National Harbor, Md. on May 29, 2014. Chuck Myers—MCT/Landov **If part of this is the parents spending money on the travel circuit, does income level come into play in explaining the phenomenon?** I can’t speak to income levels because I don’t have that data. But I can safely say there’s at least one professional parent in most of these families that have what they call elite spellers. So they’re certainly socially upwardly mobile families even if they may not be wealthy, per se. **How much have you found the kids are into this intense competition because their parents are pushing them, versus pursuing it themselves?** The parents are definitely facilitators to this process but they can’t actually produce champions. They can only enable their children to excel in this activity if they’re predisposed and dedicated to doing it themselves. But I don’t think that’s so different from spelling bee champions of any other race or ethnicity. Any time you see spellers who really are dedicated and they’re making it to the highest levels of competition at the national level, generally their parents have invested a tremendous amount of time and energy helping them. **But isn’t there something, even if it’s not Tiger-Mom tactics, like a value the parents are passing along about what kind of competition is worth winning?** I have some partially formed ideas about that. I’m still looking into it. Part of what I’m seeing is that there’s a lot of prestige in this community to winning something like a spelling bee or winning a geography bee or a math bee. And that is valued as much if not more than winning some sort of physical sport … These are very important bragging rights among South Asian-American communities. There’s some real status linked to it, that the kids feel too. The kids are really excited about the prospect of being on ESPN. They want to be on television. **Is there a more fundamental place in the culture that this value on academic prowess comes from, like what brought these immigrants to America?** Among the elite classes in India, both economically and socially elite, there’s a real emphasis on education and the use of education for social mobility. It’s not so different from other places in the world, but it’s certainly quite prevalent there. So I think that value is one that gets very magnified when you look at what Indian-American populations actually emigrated. It’s mostly professionals who immigrated post-1965\. They are doctors or engineers or scientists, etcetera. So they are absolutely going to place a higher value on that than, say, other types of accomplishment. It doesn’t meant they downplay other types of accomplishments, but there’s an understood value of education that these contests jibe with very well. **What is it that drives these kids to dedicate themselves to spelling so intensely?** Unless you really love language and reading and words, it becomes very hard to care about preparing to the extent that one needs to for a spelling bee at this level. Kids who do this love words and they love thinking about words. They read the dictionary, among other things. And not all of them prepare to win. They set their own goals, like ‘I want to make it to Scripps’ or ‘I want to make it to the semi-finals’ or the finals and proportionately spend time preparing in whatever ways they think will allow them to attain those goals. **What is that preparation process like?** That process is usually every day, if not almost every day, they spend a few hours after school, after their homework, sometimes after their parents get home so they can quiz them. They spend several hours each weekend day preparing, maybe not year-round but certainly in the weeks and months leading up to the bee. Some of these spellers who compete in their school bees as well as these South Asian spelling bees, they don’t let too much time go by when they don’t have to be preparing for something. They’re kind of constantly keeping this fresh in their minds. So it’s an ongoing process for them, during the years in which they’re able to compete. And then suddenly it ends when they’re 14\. It can be a very abrupt ending. **How do competitions like this affect the way we think about childhood?** If anything, the continuum of what childhood means is being expanded in productive ways to accommodate things that might have seemed extremely marginal or relegated to this untouchable nerd kind of activity. It’s something that has more mainstream cachet. I mean, being on ESPN is something very few kids get to do and these kids are very proud of participating in something that has such national recognition. It’s just expanding our ideas about what childhood means in ways that are keeping up with how the world is changing. ## Transcript [00:00] Numb- nuts. [ LAUGH ] What'd you call me? [00:00] Numb- nuts? What? [ LAUGH ] Numb- nut. [ LAUGH ] [00:10] Do you know what a numb- nut is? The contestants [00:14] at Script's spelling bee know their schwaas and [00:16] dipthongs. But until this year, they didn't have to know [00:18] the definition of the words they were so deftly spelling. [00:23] Oroflam. Oroflam, what does it mean? The judges [00:26] won't flip the script and ask the contestents to use the [00:28] word in a sentence. Instead, the spellers will have to [00:31] score well on a multiple choice vocabulary test in order [00:34] to make it to the semi- finals and finals this May 28th [00:36] through the 30th. How does your vocabulary stack up [00:39] to these eighth graders? Can I have the spelling? [00:40] [ LAUGH ] I thinks it's we'll [00:45] give you the spelling. But can you define the winning [00:47] words from the past three years? Guetapen. [00:56] Guetapen. Guetapen definition. To ambush, snare, or [00:59] trap. Next word. [01:10] Cymotrichous, cymotrichous. Cymotrichous definition, [01:11] having wavy hair. Next word, [01:17] stromuhr, stromuhr. [ MUSIC ] [01:22] Stromuhr definition, a rheometer designed to measure [01:25] the amount and speed of blood flow through an artery. [01:29] Did you get them? Don't worry, they still clap for the [01:32] losers. 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