August 25, 2014 8:49 PM EDT
I n April 1968, in the same issue that featured a half-dozen articles on the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. earlier that month, LIFE magazine published an article on Operation Pegasus, a joint U.S. and South Vietnamese push by 30,000 men “led by the 1st Air Cavalry Division to lift the siege of Khe Sanh . While an armored column rumbled along Route 9, a slender but strategic highway (see slide #4 in gallery), fleets of helicopters lifted men and artillery into the hills above the remote plateau where 6,000 U.S. Marines had been cut off since January.”
The relief force found the earth churned into a moonscape by 110,000 tons of U.S. bombs [LIFE wrote]. But they saw little of the two North Vietnamese divisions that had been besieging Khe Sanh. Either the U.S. bombing—the most intensive in the history of warfare—had blasted them out or they had never intended to pay the price in lives that an all-out assault would have meant.
In that article, LIFE published a small handful of photographs by the great Larry Burrows —including the extraordinary first slide in this gallery. Many, many more of Burrows’ photos from Operation Pegasus and central Vietnam in the spring of ’68 never made it into the magazine. Here are some of those pictures.
Liz Ronk, who edited this gallery, is the Photo Editor for LIFE.com. Follow her on Twitter @lizabethronk .
An American 1st Air Cavalry helicopter airlifts supplies into a Marine outpost during Operation Pegasus, Vietnam, spring 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images "Route 9" in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Tending to the wounded during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images American troops burning Vietnamese huts during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Stranded Marines on bombed-out hillside, awaiting rescue supplies during Operation Pegasus, Vietnam, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Wounded Vietcong, Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Operation Pegasus, Vietnam, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images American cradling dog while under siege at Khe Sanh, Vietnam, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Wounded, dazed-looking American, Vietnam, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Chinook helicopters taking off after deploying ground troops along area known as "Route 9" for an offensive patrol, Operation Pegasus, Vietnam, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images Scene in Vietnam during Operation Pegasus, 1968. Larry Burrows—The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images More Must-Reads From TIME The 100 Most Influential People of 2024 The Revolution of Yulia Navalnaya 6 Compliments That Land Every Time What's the Deal With the Bitcoin Halving? If You're Dating Right Now , You're Brave: Column The AI That Could Heal a Divided Internet Fallout Is a Brilliant Model for the Future of Video Game Adaptations Want Weekly Recs on What to Watch, Read, and More? Sign Up for Worth Your Time