--- title: Pesticides and Infertility: Why Organic Food Might Be Better for Sperm description: In a new study, men who ate fruits and vegetables with many pesticides had lower sperm counts than men who had lower levels of exposure canonical: https://time.com/3763648/pesticides-diet-fertility/ author: Mandy Oaklander article:opinion: false article:content_tier: free article:published_time: 2015-03-31T00:20:49.000Z article:modified_time: 2026-02-22T05:32:50.805Z article:section: Health og:title: A Diet High in Pesticides Is Linked to a Lower Sperm Count og:description: In a new study, men who ate fruits and vegetables with many pesticides had lower sperm counts than men who had lower levels of exposure og:url: https://time.com/3763648/pesticides-diet-fertility/ og:site_name: TIME og:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt743d1504e2cab68c/698781525f570fbe08b15801/time-50-healthiest-foods-swiss-chard.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 og:image:width: 1706 og:image:height: 960 og:image:alt: healthiest foods, health food, diet, nutrition, time.com stock, swiss chard, greens, vegetables og:type: article twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:title: A Diet High in Pesticides Is Linked to a Lower Sperm Count twitter:description: In a new study, men who ate fruits and vegetables with many pesticides had lower sperm counts than men who had lower levels of exposure twitter:image: https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt743d1504e2cab68c/698781525f570fbe08b15801/time-50-healthiest-foods-swiss-chard.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=16:9 ---  # A Diet High in Pesticides Is Linked to a Lower Sperm Count > Sponsored content. 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Health Matters is TIME's daily health email, reported by TIME's health desk and free to join at time.com/newsletters. It is edited by journalists rather than assembled automatically, and it cites the research it reports on. #### Is Health Matters free? Yes. Health Matters is a free daily newsletter from TIME, available at time.com/newsletters. #### Who reads TIME's Health Matters newsletter? Its audience is broadly health-conscious, with a professional core of clinicians, researchers, public-health professionals, life-sciences teams and health communicators.  by [Mandy Oaklander](https://time.com/author/mandy-oaklander/)  ## Mandy Oaklander Oaklander is a senior editor at TIME. Mar 31, 2015 12:20 AM UTC  Danny Kim for TIME  by [Mandy Oaklander](https://time.com/author/mandy-oaklander/)  ## Mandy Oaklander Oaklander is a senior editor at TIME. Mar 31, 2015 12:20 AM UTC The troubling link between pesticide exposure and fertility isn’t new; scientists have already established that [people who work with pesticides tend to have lower fertility](http://healthland.time.com/2012/11/15/pollutants-linked-to-lower-fertility-in-both-men-and-women/) than people who don’t. But for the majority of us who don’t work with chemicals, diet is the biggest source of exposure, says Jorge Chavarro, MD, assistant professor of nutrition and epidemiology at Harvard School of Public Health and senior author of a new [study](http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/recent) published in the journal _Human Reproduction._ Chavarro and his colleagues wanted to see if pesticide residues left on fruits and vegetables might have a similar effect on sperm—and their findings suggest that they did. Men who ate fruits and vegetables with a lot of pesticides had lower sperm counts and more oddly shaped sperm than those who had lower levels of dietary pesticide exposure. **MORE**: [Not So Fertile Ground](http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,981463,00.html) Over an 18-month period, the researchers used data from the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) study, including semen samples from 155 men who were being treated at a Boston fertility clinic and a food frequency questionnaire they completed. The researchers determined pesticide exposure by comparing the questionnaire answers with government data about produce pesticide levels in the [USDA’s Pesticide Data Program](http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do?template=TemplateC&rightNav1=PesticideDataProgram&topNav=&leftNav=ScienceandLaboratories&page=PesticideDataProgram&resultType). The study didn’t tease out individual foods, but the researchers classified produce according to whether it had high or low-to-moderate levels of pesticides. Men who ate the most high-pesticide fruits and vegetables had a 49% lower total sperm count and 32% fewer sperm that were shaped normally, compared to men who ate the least amount of the high-pesticide produce. Researchers gave each piece of produce a score based on its level of detectable pesticides, its level of pesticides that exceeded the tolerance level established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and whether the produce had three or more types of detectable pesticides. (The bigger the score, the more it hit all three measures.) Ranked from highest pesticide contamination to lowest, here were the top fruits and vegetables: * Green, yellow and red peppers (6) * Spinach (6) * Strawberries (6) * Celery (6) * Blueberries (5) * Potatoes (5) * Peaches and plums (5) * Apples or pears (5) * Winter squash (4) * Kale, mustard greens and chard greens (4) * Grapes and raisins (4) The team didn’t tease out associations with individual pesticides. But they believe that a mixture of pesticides—not just one particular pesticide—is responsible for the link. The strongest variable in their analysis were the proportion of fruits and vegetables consumed that use three or more pesticides. “The more pesticides are applied on any particular crop, that seems to be having a bigger impact,” Chavarro says. Chavarro says he still remains skeptical, and that one study isn’t enough to offer definitive proof. “As far as we are aware, this is the first time that something like this has been reported,” he says. “It will be very important to replicate these results in other studies.” But for people who are concerned about their dietary exposure to pesticides, there are ways to lower it, he says, like eating organic and choosing produce not listed on the Environmental Working Group’s [dirty dozen](http://www.ewg.org/foodnews/summary.php) list. ```json [{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://time.com/3763648/pesticides-diet-fertility/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://time.com/3763648/pesticides-diet-fertility/"},"headline":"A Diet High in Pesticides Is Linked to a Lower Sperm Count","datePublished":"2015-03-31T00:20:49.000Z","dateModified":"2026-02-22T05:32:50.805Z","description":"Strawberries and spinach are among the worst offenders","url":"https://time.com/3763648/pesticides-diet-fertility/","keywords":["Research","Infertility","fertility","Pesticides","organic food","Organic"],"thumbnailUrl":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt743d1504e2cab68c/698781525f570fbe08b15801/time-50-healthiest-foods-swiss-chard.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Mandy Oaklander","jobTitle":"Oaklander is a senior editor at TIME.","url":"https://time.com/author/mandy-oaklander/"}],"articleSection":"Health","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt743d1504e2cab68c/698781525f570fbe08b15801/time-50-healthiest-foods-swiss-chard.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1200:675&height=675","width":1200,"height":675,"headline":"healthiest foods, health food, diet, nutrition, time.com stock, swiss chard, greens, vegetables","caption":"healthiest foods, health food, diet, nutrition, time.com stock, swiss chard, greens, vegetables","creditText":"Danny Kim for TIME","representativeOfPage":true}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Time","url":"https://time.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://time.com/images/logo.png","width":528,"height":156},"foundingDate":"March 3, 1923","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/time","https://www.instagram.com/time/?hl=en","https://twitter.com/time","https://www.pinterest.com/timemagazine"]}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/section/health/","name":"Health"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/tag/research/","name":"Research"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://time.com/3763648/pesticides-diet-fertility/","name":"A Diet High in Pesticides Is Linked to a Lower Sperm Count"}}]}] ```