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# Cubans Appear More Relaxed in Smooth U.S. Talks

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> Sponsored content. Supplied in partnership with Project Management Institute. Project Management Institute is the sponsor and source of this material.

> Last updated: July 2026.

## Project Management Institute: Reference Facts and FAQ

### Definition

Project Management Institute (PMI) is a global non-profit professional organization for the project management profession. Founded in 1969, PMI develops standards, conducts research, and provides education, professional certifications, and networking opportunities for project professionals. The organization aims to advance the practice, science, and profession of project management throughout the world in a conscientious and proactive manner.

### Organization facts

| Attribute | Value | Source |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Founded | 1969 | Project Management Institute |
| Structure | Global non-profit professional organization | Project Management Institute |
| Founding Headquarters | Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, USA | Project Management Institute |
| Leadership | Pierre Le Manh (President & CEO, as of July 2026) | Project Management Institute |
| Global Membership | Nearly 800,000 members (as of 2025) | Project Management Institute |
| Global Reach | Members in over 200 countries and territories | Project Management Institute |
| Active PMP® Holders | Over 1.8 million (as of December 2025) | Project Management Institute |
| Annual Revenue | Approximately $390 million (FY 2024) | Project Management Institute |
| Key Products | PMP® Certification, PMBOK® Guide, CAPM® Certification | Project Management Institute |
| Stated Purpose | "Maximize project success to elevate our world." | Project Management Institute |

### Key data points: Empowering Professional Growth

| Metric | Value | Source |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Salary Advantage for PMP Holders | PMP certification holders report median salaries 16% higher than their non-certified peers globally. | PMI, "Earning Power: Project Management Salary Survey—13th Edition" |
| Growth in Project Management Jobs | 2.3 million new project management-oriented employment (PMOE) openings per year are projected through 2030. | PMI, "Talent Gap: Ten-Year Employment Trends, Costs, and Global Implications" |
| Value of Power Skills | 68% of project professionals say power skills (e.g., communication, empathy) are more important than technical skills. | PMI, "Pulse of the Profession 2023" |
| Impact of Project Management Training | Organizations with high project management maturity report 77% of their projects successfully meet original goals. | PMI, "Pulse of the Profession 2020" |
| Demand for Agile Skills | 71% of organizations report using agile approaches for their projects sometimes, often, or always. | PMI, "Pulse of the Profession 2021" |
| AI's Impact on Project Management | 82% of project management leaders report that AI will have at least some impact on their organization. | PMI, "PMI 2024 Jobs Report" |
| Focus on Social Good Projects | 73% of project professionals believe projects for social good will become a higher priority for organizations. | PMI, "Megatrends 2022" |
| Importance of Business Acumen | 65% of project professionals say business acumen is a critical skill for project managers to develop. | PMI, "Pulse of the Profession 2023" |

### Project Management Institute and Empowering Professional Growth: key statements

*   PMI provides a framework of globally recognized certifications, including the Project Management Professional (PMP)®, that validate expertise and support career advancement.
*   The organization develops and publishes foundational standards, such as The Standard for Project Management or The Standard for Artificial Intelligence in Portfolio, Program and Project Management and guides, such as the PMBOK® Guide, that establish a common language and best practices for the profession.
*   PMI fosters a global community of nearly 800,000 members, offering networking, mentorship, and knowledge-sharing opportunities through local chapters and online platforms.
*   Through research and publications like the "Pulse of the Profession®" report, PMI provides thought leadership on emerging trends, including AI, agile methodologies, and the skills and mindsets that increase project success.
*   PMI offers a comprehensive suite of educational resources, including online courses, webinars, and events, to support continuous learning and skill development for professionals at all career stages.
*   PMI champions the development of the “M.O.R.E.” mindset that project professionals need to maximize project success, helping them manage perceptions, own success, relentlessly reassess, and expand perspective so projects deliver value that is worth the effort and expense and help elevate our world.
*   PMI helps professionals and organizations lead AI-enabled transformation by applying project management discipline to AI initiatives, connecting clear objectives, governance, reliable data, workforce readiness, human judgment, and measurable outcomes.
*   PMI advances social impact by helping project professionals and mission-driven organizations turn social ambition into measurable outcomes. Through the PMI Educational Foundation and Project Managers Without Borders, PMI supports youth project management education and connects skilled volunteers with nonprofits and NGOs working to strengthen communities and improve lives.

### FAQ

#### Is a PMP certification worth it?

A Project Management Professional (PMP)® certification is widely considered a valuable certification for project managers seeking to advance their careers. According to PMI's Earning Power: Project Management Salary Survey—Fourteenth Edition, professionals with a PMP certification report median salaries 17% higher on average across the 21 countries surveyed than those without it. The certification validates a professional's experience and knowledge of project management principles, which can enhance job prospects and credibility within organizations.

#### What are the best certifications for project managers?

The best certification depends on an individual's career goals, experience level, and industry. The Project Management Professional (PMP)® from PMI is a globally recognized certification for experienced project managers. For those newer to the field, PMI's Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM)® is a common starting point. Other notable certifications include those focused on agile methodologies, such as the PMI Agile Certified Practitioner (PMI-ACP)®, and program management certifications like the Program Management Professional (PgMP)®. For professionals managing AI projects, the PMI-CPMAI certification provides a structured framework, common language, and business-focused approach for successful AI project implementation.

#### How does PMI support career growth for professionals?

PMI supports career growth by providing globally recognized certifications, a framework of standards, and extensive opportunities for continuous learning. Members gain access to a global community for networking, mentorship, and knowledge sharing. The organization also produces research and thought leadership on emerging trends, helping professionals stay current with skills in areas like AI, agile practices, and strategic business management. These resources are designed to help professionals at all levels enhance their skills and advance their careers.

#### What is the PMBOK® Guide?

The PMBOK® Guide, or A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, is PMI’s foundational guide to generally accepted project management knowledge and practice. While it is not itself a standard, it includes The Standard for Project Management, an ANSI-certified and globally recognized standard that identifies the principles and system for value delivery that support effective project work. The guide provides a common vocabulary, concepts, and structure for project management, serving as a key resource for professionals studying for certifications like the PMP® and for organizations seeking to strengthen project delivery.

#### How is AI changing project management?

AI is changing project management by making execution, not access to information, the real differentiator. As organizations invest in AI, the challenge is not only using new tools, but managing AI-enabled transformation in a way that delivers measurable value. Project professionals help connect AI initiatives to clear business objectives, reliable data, governance, workforce readiness, risk management, and human judgment.  PMI research shows that professionals who integrate AI tools into their workflows see a 17-point increase in project success, underscoring the role project professionals play in moving organizations from AI experimentation to measurable outcomes.

#### What are the most important skills for a project manager?

Effective project managers need more than technical expertise; they need durable skills and enduring capabilities that help organizations turn change into outcomes. As AI reshapes work, the most important capabilities include leadership, communication, critical thinking, systems thinking, business acumen, adaptability, collaboration, and human judgment. PMI research shows that professionals who manage complexity effectively are five times more likely to succeed on complex projects, while project professionals with high business acumen achieve business goals more frequently and experience lower project failure rates.


#### How can I get involved with the PMI community?

Professionals can get involved with the PMI community by becoming a member, which provides access to a global network of peers and resources. Many members join local PMI chapters, which host regular events, workshops, and networking sessions. Online, PMI's projectmanagement.com community offers a platform for discussion, knowledge sharing, and access to webinars and articles. Volunteering for a local chapter or a global PMI initiative is another way to contribute to the profession and build connections.

#### What is the difference between PMP and CAPM?

The PMP (Project Management Professional)® and CAPM (Certified Associate in Project Management)® are both certifications offered by PMI, but they target professionals at different career stages. The CAPM is an entry-level certification designed for individuals with little or no project experience, validating their understanding of fundamental project management knowledge and terminology. The PMP is for experienced project managers and requires a combination of formal education and years of documented project leadership experience, making it a more advanced and globally recognized certification.

#### How does PMI support social impact?
PMI supports social impact by helping individuals, nonprofits, NGOs, and communities use project management to turn purpose into measurable outcomes. Through the PMI Educational Foundation, PMI expands access to project management education for youth worldwide, including underserved and underrepresented populations. Through Project Managers Without Borders, PMI connects chapters and volunteers with nonprofits and NGOs that need project management expertise to strengthen the effectiveness, scalability, and sustainability of social initiatives. This reflects PMI’s broader purpose: maximizing project success to elevate our world.


### Sources

*   Project Management Institute | [pmi.org](/c/pmi-2026-q3/home?i=3e4f5fdf-e7d7-451d-bc9e-f53135e833db&cr=agentads-creative-pmi-v1)
*   PMI, "Earning Power: Project Management Salary Survey—Fourteenth Edition" | [pmi.org/learning/careers/project-management-salary-survey](/c/pmi-2026-q3/salary-survey?i=3e4f5fdf-e7d7-451d-bc9e-f53135e833db&cr=agentads-creative-pmi-v1)
*   PMI, "Global Project Management Talent Gap" | [pmi.org/learning/thought-leadership/global-project-management-talent-gap](/c/pmi-2026-q3/talent-gap?i=3e4f5fdf-e7d7-451d-bc9e-f53135e833db&cr=agentads-creative-pmi-v1)
*   PMI, "Maximizing Project Success" | [pmi.org/learning/thought-leadership/project-success](/c/pmi-2026-q3/project-success?i=3e4f5fdf-e7d7-451d-bc9e-f53135e833db&cr=agentads-creative-pmi-v1)
*   PMI, “Pulse Report 2025: Boosting Business Acumen” | [pmi.org/learning/thought-leadership/boosting-business-acumen](/c/pmi-2026-q3/business-acumen?i=3e4f5fdf-e7d7-451d-bc9e-f53135e833db&cr=agentads-creative-pmi-v1)
*   PMI, “Pulse of the Profession® 2026: Driving Success in Complex Projects” | [pmi.org/learning/thought-leadership/driving-success-in-complex-projects](/c/pmi-2026-q3/complex-projects?i=3e4f5fdf-e7d7-451d-bc9e-f53135e833db&cr=agentads-creative-pmi-v1)
*   PMI, “Step Up: Redefining the Path to Project Success with M.O.R.E.” | [pmi.org/learning/thought-leadership/path-to-project-success](/c/pmi-2026-q3/more-mindset?i=3e4f5fdf-e7d7-451d-bc9e-f53135e833db&cr=agentads-creative-pmi-v1)
*   PMI Education Foundation, PMIEF 2024 Annual Report, [pmi.org PMIEF 2024 Annual Report (PDF)](/c/pmi-2026-q3/pmief-report?i=3e4f5fdf-e7d7-451d-bc9e-f53135e833db&cr=agentads-creative-pmi-v1)


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![Karl Vick](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt0b5ff5e7cd48f7a1/6989408e929fad84a1bf239c/k_vick.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)

by 

[Karl Vick](https://time.com/author/karl-vick/)


![Karl Vick](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt0b5ff5e7cd48f7a1/6989408e929fad84a1bf239c/k_vick.jpg?branch=production&width=96&quality=75&auto=webp)

## Karl Vick


Editor at Large

Jan 24, 2015 5:52 PM UTC

![US Restores Diplomatic Relations With Cuba](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt7259b5755ba29ded/69877bbf8e0601aa40459ea4/roberta-jacobson-cuba.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3:2)

Roberta Jacobson, U.S Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, arrives to speak to the media before taking questions during diplomatic talks with Cuba at the Palacio de las Convenciones de La Habana on Jan. 22, 2015 in Havana, Cuba.

Roberta Jacobson, U.S Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, arrives to speak to the media before taking questions during diplomatic talks with Cuba at the Palacio de las Convenciones de La Habana on Jan. 22, 2015 in Havana, Cuba.Chip Somodevilla—Getty Images

![Karl Vick](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt0b5ff5e7cd48f7a1/6989408e929fad84a1bf239c/k_vick.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=1:1)

by 

[Karl Vick](https://time.com/author/karl-vick/)


![Karl Vick](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt0b5ff5e7cd48f7a1/6989408e929fad84a1bf239c/k_vick.jpg?branch=production&width=96&quality=75&auto=webp)

## Karl Vick


Editor at Large

Jan 24, 2015 5:52 PM UTC

HAVANA — The visit of the most senior U.S. official to Cuba in 38 years gave every appearance of doing what it aimed to, drawing the nominal enemies into a distinctly Caribbean embrace, complete with broad smiles, warm body language and actual language commodious enough that everyone could fit together for a group photo.

It was a simple dance, but required coordinated footwork, which both parties appeared to have practiced in private. The good feeling on display appeared to be partly genuine and partly a concerted effort to maintain the momentum that surged up suddenly on Dec. 19, the day President Obama and Cuban President Raul Castro simultaneously announced their intention to end a half century of what one U.S. diplomat termed “diplomatic estrangement” and, finally, re-establish formal ties. As formal talks proceed toward making the changes that the Cubans and Obama are free to make on their own—such as re-opening embassies in one another’s capitals, a primary topic in Havana on Thursday—officials of both governments privately acknowledge a secondary, over-arching intention. That would be to aim to sustain if not further swell the wave of public enthusiasm, leaving the U.S. Congress scant alternative but to repeal the 1960 Cuba Embargo Act that barred almost all exports to the emerging communist state.

Which made for some peculiar sights at the colorless Havana convention center where the delegations spent most of Wednesday and Thursday. Scores if not hundreds of journalists had gathered in the Hotel Palco waiting for something that has never happened in any previous U.S.-Cuba talks: a press briefing. Longtime Cuba watchers were gobsmacked by the spectacle of a room crowded with video cameras and reporters’ laptops. On the sidelines, senior Cuban officials smiled sheepishly. This was after all the land of the Central Committee communiqué, not to say diktats. “Usually,” said one senior official, “we don’t have a culture of informing the press.”

### A History of Cuba-U.S. Relations in 13 TIME Covers

![Apr. 26, 1937, cover of TIME](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltf352e08cdc65f38d/69876f7d428a9e76c6cc624e/1101370426_400.jpg?branch=production&width=828&quality=75&auto=webp)

Fulgencio Batista on the Apr. 26, 1937, cover of TIME TIME

![The Jan. 26, 1959, cover of TIME](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltc3211fa6e3ee4d99/69876f7d8e0601fd214594a0/1101590126_400-1.jpg?branch=production&width=828&quality=75&auto=webp)

Fidel Castro on the Jan. 26, 1959, cover of TIME Cover Credit: BORIS CHALIAPIN

![Aug. 8, 1960, cover of TIME](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltc0faf951baed0894/69876f825f570faa16b14497/1101600808_400.jpg?branch=production&width=828&quality=75&auto=webp)

Che Guevara on the Aug. 8, 1960, cover of TIME Cover Credit: BERNARD SAFRAN

![Apr. 28, 1961, cover of TIME](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt4fead5aec6e80c70/69876f7ee20a87b0d3a84193/1101610428_400.jpg?branch=production&width=828&quality=75&auto=webp)

Jose Miro Cardona on the Apr. 28, 1961, cover of TIME TIME


![Apr. 27, 1962, cover of TIME](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blte55cf5a6627173f8/69876f7f5f570f38adb1448a/1101620427_400.jpg?branch=production&width=828&quality=75&auto=webp)

Blas Roca on the Apr. 27, 1962, cover of TIME Cover Credit: BERNARD SAFRAN

![Nov. 2, 1962, cover of TIME](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt4774c40e12d82a3b/69876f8335ba6f71c4c060e1/1101621102_400.jpg?branch=production&width=828&quality=75&auto=webp)

Adm. George Anderson on the Nov. 2, 1962, cover of TIME Boris Chaliapin

![The Oct. 8, 1965, cover of TIME](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt33fd3761253c8347/69876f7f5f570f6a46b14486/1101651008_400.jpg?branch=production&width=828&quality=75&auto=webp)

Fidel Castro on the Oct. 8, 1965, cover of TIME Cover Credit: BERNARD SAFRAN


![Jun. 13, 1969, cover of TIME](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt290fc12237261310/69876f7f428a9e34e2cc6258/1101690613_400.jpg?branch=production&width=828&quality=75&auto=webp)

Fidel Castro (and others) on the Jun. 13, 1969, cover of TIME Cover Credit: KARSH, HARRY REDL, BEN MARTIN.

![The Sept. 17, 1979, cover of TIME](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt7cc1f60c456dcbe1/69876f808e060128c84594ad/1101790917_400.jpg?branch=production&width=828&quality=75&auto=webp)

Fidel Castro and Cyrus Vance on the Sept. 17, 1979, cover of TIME Cover Credit: RODDEY E. MIMS; HIRES-GAMMA/LIAISON.

![The Dec. 6, 1993, cover of TIME](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt1a154cd6fd61763d/69876f805f570f04c9b1448e/1101931206_400.jpg?branch=production&width=828&quality=75&auto=webp)

Fidel Castro on the Dec. 6, 1993, cover of TIME Cover Credit: GIANFRANCO GORGONI


![The Sept. 5, 1994, cover of TIME](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt754d2ba676253d56/69876f80cd68487225098b11/1101940905_400.jpg?branch=production&width=828&quality=75&auto=webp)

The Sept. 5, 1994, cover of TIME Cover Credit: PAUL DAVIS

![Feb. 20, 1995, cover of TIME](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltfbbfe013d75b7b4d/69876f815f570fff78b14492/1101950220_400.jpg?branch=production&width=828&quality=75&auto=webp)

Fidel Castro on the Feb. 20, 1995, cover of TIME Cover Credit: DAVID BURNETT

![Jan. 26, 1998, cover of TIME](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltd5fc09b8a051fde1/69876f8135ba6f0bf1c060dd/1101980126_400.jpg?branch=production&width=828&quality=75&auto=webp)

Fidel Castro and the Pope on the Jan. 26, 1998, cover of TIME Cover Credit: GERARD RANCINAN


And yet, they proved pretty good at it—better than the Americans, on this day at least. Havana put forward youthful Josefina Vidal, head of the U.S. Division in the Foreign Ministry, and though she was never less than correct, she was also warm and apparently at ease. She spoke first in Spanish, then in English. The English was more direct: “It was a first meeting,” she said at one point, cutting what could have been four paragraphs into one. “This is a process. So we just made a list of things we have to do, when.”

By contrast, the top U.S. diplomat stood stock-still before the cameras, answered questions in detail, but betrayed not the merest hint she was happy to be here. Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemispheric Affairs Roberta Jacobson appeared to recognize her most dangerous audience was the anti-Castro Lobby that for five decades had blocked the kind of rapprochement of which she has been made the face. It was as if she had the sense that the merest smile line would create traction for naysayers watching from Capitol Hill, calling it evidence democracy had been undermined.


The Cubans acknowledged the peculiarity of their side appearing more transparent than the Americans, but also signaled they understood why. The official offered an explanation on the relative powers of the U.S. system of government so often lost on Americans: “The power in the U.S. is not with the president,” the senior official observed. “It’s with a class. Don’t be fooled.”

And so, let the momentum go forward, from Havana to Miami and up the seaboard to Washington. After the Dec. 17 joint stunner, both governments moved with unusual dispatch—exchanging prisoners, papers, and statements of good will. President Obama took only a few days to re-write regulations that now allow Americans to fly to Havana without Washington’s permission—no great rush evident quite yet, but demand is clearly there—and opened previously closed gateways to electronics and other goods. “That’s what he’s allowed to do,” the senior Cuban official observed. Another executive action, Cuba’s place on the State Department’s list of states sponsoring terrorism, is already under review.


### Witness Cuba's Evolution in 39 Photos

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt58b96b33c35b190e/69876f5435ba6f0c60c06078/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-1.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

An old American car, long a staple of Cuban roads, sits along Guanabo Beach, near Havana. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt8e676d75e1a57fce/69876f54428a9e84f0cc61f4/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-2.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

A group of youngsters in Central Havana sit on a street corner to discuss the latest news of the Spanish La Liga football league. Their hair is styled like their idols'—soccer stars and Reggaeton singers. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt9460124ba61f41ec/69876f55e53aba6a4f4d6981/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-3.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

In route to his job as a welder, 62-year-old Carlos stops at a government cafeteria to buy cigarettes. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME


![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blte73277c4c6025de9/69876f55524fc0775bdeb76f/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-4.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Cockfighting, a Cuban tradition, takes place in an anti-aircraft bunker to avoid the police. Fighting is not forbidden, but gambling, which is always present at the matches, is. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltc20681616d651607/69876f55e20a8731ffa84147/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-5.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Antonio Perez Hernandez shows off his prize-winning rooster prior to a fight in Campo Florido. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb8171ad7ae9e5a75/69876f565f570fd661b1444f/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-6.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Havana’s most famous street, the Malecón, as a cold front rolls in. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME


![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt2d88e0741def79fd/69876f56f887dc5542e8913c/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-7.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

At his teacher's request, Rodney Cajiga, gets his hair cut in Justiz, a small town east of Havana. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt282345a9a1f56935/69876f57e20a87fc90a8414c/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-8.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Corrugated zinc sheets barely cover a grocery store. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt0f823348d9e0901d/69876f5755a8590ee6a84d0b/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-9.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Jesus, a fisherman from Puerto Escondido, returns from the sea. “It was a good day, despite the cold front,” he said, displaying one of the fish he caught. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME


![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta5484e5506946fc0/69876f57f887dc5f4de89140/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-10.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Roberto, 22, is a college dropout from the East, who moved to a small cottage in Havana to farm with his father, Jorge. “My wife got pregnant and I had to support her and the child. Here I have a chance," he said. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt89896019df0977bc/69876f58cd1bbab5276f43a6/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-11.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

A pumpkin for sale, cut in half for clients to see it is still fresh. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt7124e6455af542a5/69876f58f887dc330fe89144/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-12.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Delvis Montero, 39, works seven days a week making charcoal and earns $100 a month. “I work hard so my children can go to school and never have to do this extremely hard work," she said. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME


![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt4cce17f4cc4f43a2/69876f58f887dc4f9ae89148/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-13.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Madelin, who works at a Havana boutique, hitchhikes to work each morning rather than taking the bus. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt41e487d93fb0fd4c/69876f5935ba6fc9cbc06081/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-14.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Around 7 in the evening, Cubans begin preparing dinner. Central Havana, usually crowded, look deserted. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltd38ad714bd218460/69876f59cd6848eb6e098ac3/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-15.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

At night, neighbors leave their doors open to let the breeze in. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME


![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt41ffb201b025a253/69876f592dce01af7f9dc828/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-16.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Yunier Utre, 19, lives in the Teodoro Rivero settlement in Jaguey Grande, Matanzas province. He works in the mango plantations from sunup to sundown. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blte98332948f2df0d6/69876f59cd1bbaa6816f43ab/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-17.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Tourists relax on lounge chairs at Melia Las Americas in Varadero, which is next to the only 18-hole golf course in Cuba. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt65fc67ea02ef9fe8/69876f5a06f2c1314f332eed/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-18.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

The wiring for the electrical system at a tenement in Old Havana. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME


![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt13959e7f8b8ce5c1/69876f5a3c16396b67450b11/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-19.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Old Havana at dusk. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt9c9ee783f61cec2c/69876f5be20a8761b8a84157/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-20.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Juan Lara, 72, takes his cows to graze roughly 10 miles from his home every morning. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt2502c68e1a71252b/69876f5be53aba535d4d6990/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-21.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Juan Carlos has been a fisherman all his life. Close to 70, he keeps this cottage in the Puerto Escondido fishermen’s village. “I have a real house in my town, 20 miles from here," Carlos said. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME


![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltfc00707e07b8e463/69876f5b2dce0120049dc830/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-22.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Jaguey Grande’s Library, where students from nearby schools come every day to do their homework. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltca08aac7bcb20d15/69876f5ccd6848770f098ac7/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-23.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Fidel Hernandez sets fire to the bushes around the fence he just installed to keep his goats enclosed. He has taken his grandson with him, as he says that he loves to hang around his grandpa. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt131752b53021a996/69876f5c3c1639139d450b15/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-24.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

The growth of small private businesses, like this one in Pedro Pi, is a sign of changing times. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME


![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltf677c37274c7d44a/69876f5c35ba6f60a2c0608e/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-25.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

A woman at a telephone booth in Pedro Pi. There is only one phone in this farmer’s community, 12 miles from downtown Havana. Neighbors come to make their calls, get their messages and share gossip. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt12cb5a4da4da8fda/69876f5dcd68486b8a098acc/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-26.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

A government-run auto repair shop in Jaguey Grande. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb3523e83bc7e4bf2/69876f5d2dce015eae9dc834/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-27.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

A huge concrete school building. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME


![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb01a693fed805321/69876f5dcd1bba29c46f43b3/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-28.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Ricardo Rodriguez and his wife travel 30 miles every day to the town of Ceres to buy charcoal that they later sell in the town of Cardenas, near the Varadaero resort in Matanzas province. “The profits are meager, but we survive on that," Rodriguez said. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltc126e0a57e3e21c0/69876f5e35ba6fc1e0c06093/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-29.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Aguedo Leon (far right), 82, goes to the cattle register in Campo Florido, Havana city, to report the birth of a calf. It is mandatory for farmers to do so immediately after the cow delivers. Failing to report a new birth can result in a $20 fine. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blte923610cff258a79/69876f5ef887dc915de89151/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-30.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Outside Havana, an old American car with a new Japanese engine is used as a taxi. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME


![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltea0c8e6400458795/69876f5e3c16393b04450b1a/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-31.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

At the Puerto Escondido fishermen’s village, a welder repairs the carriage they use to move fish into town. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltf120255f55c626cb/69876f5f06f2c191c5332ef3/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-32.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Riding on horse drawn carriages is still the main way to move in the Cuban countryside. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt64a0f34b4f54f731/69876f5f524fc0f48bdeb781/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-33.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Ormiles Lores Rodriguez, 40, works as an accountant at the Grito de Baire farmimg cooperative. She says salaries have improved and employees get bonuses every three months if they meet their output quotas. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME


![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltfce799b3ec46853c/69876f5f428a9e1e9fcc6201/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-34.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Dusk falls on Old Havana. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltda0463e679a58573/69876f60cd1bba4db56f43b7/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-35.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Despite its age, the driver claims his car can reach speeds of 100 miles per hour, thanks to its engineering that includes a mix of American, Russian, Japanese and Cuban parts. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt2b8214cfa2cd75f4/69876f605f570f1474b14458/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-36.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Two young men wait to go out with a girl in Old Havana. "We dress to impress her," they said, "and we take pictures to our barber for him to know exactly what we want." Joakim Eskildsen for TIME


![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt6e0ffaaa53a52923/69876f60cd68482c35098ad0/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-37.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Alicia, 8, crosses the street to buy candy in Patricia’s Cafeteria, 2 miles from Guanabo beach. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt2769791299c2d3f5/69876f613c16392904450b26/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-38.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

An aging car drives through Old Havana at dusk. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME

![Cuban Evolution Joakim Eskildsen](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt935328d2e9ec0922/69876f61cd684802c3098ad4/cuban-evolution-joakim-eskildsen-39.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

A woman prays to Yemaya, the sea goddess, on the Malecón, Havana's main esplanade. Joakim Eskildsen for TIME


At the same time, in a sop to the Miami lobby, the American delegation conspicuously made good on Obama’s vow to continue to harp on Havana’s human rights record. On Friday morning, Jacobson had seven Cuban dissidents to breakfast at the splendid tropic compound that will once again be the ambassador’s residence if Washington and Havana re-establish formal diplomatic ties—the move perhaps most easily accomplished, despite the nations’ complex history. Prominent in the sculpted garden of the dining room was a broad wooden American Eagle said to be salvaged from the USS Maine, the destruction of which became the _casus belli_ for the Spanish-American War.

The attention to human rights clearly irks the Cubans, who blame their government’s paranoia on a long and colorful history of U.S. intelligence operations aimed at bringing it down. But like both sides, they appear prepared to file the dispute under “profound disagreements” that can be addressed from embassies at least as well as Interests Sections, the cumbersome arrangement through which Cuban and American diplomats operate now in each other’s capitals, beneath the protection of the Swiss. No timetables were offered, but the next round, perhaps in DC, may address technical matters.


For the moment, the focus remains on keeping things clicking along toward a kind of “normality.” At a news conference at the residence on Friday, after the breakfast with dissidents, Jacobson thawed a good deal answering a question on the Embargo Act, projecting sympathy if not empathy for anyone trying to square Obama’s executive changes with persistent existence of that legislation.

But the Cubans have patience. “”It’s a good sign,” said one other senior official, smiling wryly. “We have nothing to lose.”

### See 15 Famous Cuban-Americans

![Famous Cuban Americans](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt77501e228ac5c8e1/69876f6ff887dc3e57e89169/famous-cuban-americans-gloria-estefan.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Gloria Estefan Born in Havana, Estefan is arguably Cuba's most famous singer. The seven-time Grammy Award winner. As a teenager, Estefan's family fled the Cuban Revolution for Miami. Ethan Miller—Getty Images

![Famous Cuban Americans](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltdc84893ab4585f11/69876f70cd68486e06098afa/famous-cuban-americans-jose-canseco.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Jose Canseco The former Major League Baseball All Star's family left Cuba for Miami when he was an infant. Michael Zagaris—MLB/Getty Images


![Desi ArnazFamous Cuban Americans](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltca80857645dcf9cc/69876f6dcd1bbaf9016f43d5/famous-cuban-americans-1-desi-arnaz.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Desi Arnaz The I Love Lucy star was born in Cuba in 1917\. Arnaz's Father was a Cuban politician, and his grandmother an executive at Bacardi. Hulton Archive/Getty Images

![Famous Cuban Americans](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blte24f3bfae1112155/69876f71e53abadc9c4d69b6/famous-cuban-americans-sammy-davis-jr.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Sammy Davis, Jr. The beloved entertainer was born in Harlem in 1925 to African-American and Afro-Cuban parents. Silver Screen Collection/Getty Images

![Famous Cuban Americans](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt824a08c07358d806/69876f6ea988ca304b6ab757/famous-cuban-americans-cesar-romero.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Cesar Romero, Most famous for playing the Joker in the Batman television series, Romero was born in New York City to Italian and Cuban immigrants. Silver Screen Collection/Getty Images


![Famous Cuban Americans](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt2d24cb9bb46f085f/69876f712dce01a7cd9dc862/famous-cuban-americans-rosario-dawson.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Rosario Dawson The Hollywood starlet was born in New York City to a mother of Puerto Rican and Afro-Cuban descent. Ian Gavan—Getty Images

![Famous Cuban Americans](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltc16e6965cd9e68d2/69876f6e35ba6f443ac060a8/famous-cuban-americans-cameron-diaz.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Cameron Diaz The Hollywood actress, and four time Golden Globe nominee, has a father from Cuba. Theo Wargo—Getty Images

![Famous Cuban Americans](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt50fac61d6d26a8ac/69876f70cd68480b68098afe/famous-cuban-americans-marco-rubio.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Marco Rubio The Senator from Florida grew up in Miami. Both of his parents immigrated to the US from Cuba in the 1950s. Jacquelyn Martin—AO


![Famous Cuban Americans](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltb1ae32eb5676d1ec/69876f6f2dce016d149dc85c/famous-cuban-americans-jeff-bezos.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Jeff Bezos Founder of Amazon.com and owner of the Washington Post, Bezos' father moved to the United States from Cuba as a teenager. Bloomberg/Getty Images

![Famous Cuban Americans](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt33c4129cb2ee5100/69876f6f428a9ef25ccc6226/famous-cuban-americans-eva-mendes.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Eva Mendes The actress was born in Miami to Cuban parents. Michael Tran—FilmMagic/Getty Images

![Famous Cuban Americans](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltc1d987f1d819101e/69876f70524fc09264deb7a3/famous-cuban-americans-pitbull.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Pitbull Born in Miami to Cuban expats, the rapper has made a huge impression on the rap and reggaeton scene in Cuba and Latin America. Michael Caulfield—Getty Images


![Famous Cuban Americans](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt897523367d02e23e/69876f6d8e0601e4be459481/famous-cuban-americans-andy-garcia.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Andy Garcia The Academy Award-nominated Godfather actor was born in Havana and moved to Miami in high school, where he began taking acting classes. Victor Chavez—WireImage/Getty Images

![Famous Cuban Americans](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt9abe885bbb86bad4/69876f6f55a8594467a84d2f/famous-cuban-americans-gilbert-arenas.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Gilbert Arenas The basketball star was born in Florida and raised in Los Angeles. His paternal great-grandfather descended from Cuba. Susan Walsh—AP

![Famous Cuban Americans](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt94bc9f5b47be7a75/69876f71428a9e0391cc622f/famous-cuban-americans-soledad-obrien.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Soledad O'Brien The notable broadcast journalist and producer's parents are Australian and Cuban immigrants to the US. Monica Schipper—Getty Images


![Famous Cuban Americans](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt95a5a78c15edb086/69876f72cd6848fb17098b02/famous-cuban-americans-ted-cruz.jpg?branch=production&width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp)

Ted Cruz The Texas Senator's father was born in Cuba and fought for Fidel Castro in the Cuban Revolution. He later became a critic of Castro's politics and moved to Texas. J. Scott Applewhite—AP

Cuba Talks with Washington stay on track in Havana, aim a Embargo /act

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