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title: Ebola Vaccine is Heading to Trials in Liberia
description: The long-awaited vaccine for Ebola is heading to clinical trials in Liberia.
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# Two Ebola Vaccines Are Heading to Trials in Liberia

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## Video: Ebola Fighters in West Africa - TIME's Person of the Year 2014

[Watch (HLS stream): Ebola Fighters in West Africa - TIME's Person of the Year 2014](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/manifests/laroqNbt.m3u8) (10:47)

![Ebola Fighters in West Africa - TIME's Person of the Year 2014](https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/laroqNbt/poster.jpg?width=720)

_Published 2014-12-10. Hundreds of doctors, nurses and health workers work every day to treat and contain the outbreak in the hot zone_


by 

[Alexandra Sifferlin](https://time.com/author/alexandra-sifferlin/)


## Alexandra Sifferlin


Jan 23, 2015 8:42 PM UTC

![Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, speaks during a House Energy and Commerce Committee subcommittee hearing on the U.S. public health response to the Ebola outbreak in Washington, D.C., Oct. 2014.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt6ecc575e02db43d3/69877b9fcd684864a00994e3/anthony-fauci1.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp&crop=3:2)

Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, speaks during a House Energy and Commerce Committee subcommittee hearing on the U.S. public health response to the Ebola outbreak in Washington, D.C., Oct. 2014.

Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, speaks during a House Energy and Commerce Committee subcommittee hearing on the U.S. public health response to the Ebola outbreak in Washington, D.C., Oct. 2014. Andrew Harrer—Bloomberg/Getty Images

by 

[Alexandra Sifferlin](https://time.com/author/alexandra-sifferlin/)


## Alexandra Sifferlin


Jan 23, 2015 8:42 PM UTC

The long-awaited vaccine for Ebola is heading to clinical trials in Liberia.

Two vaccines, with the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) support, will start efficacy testing in Liberia in the beginning of February.

The NIH is launching the trial in collaboration with the Liberian Ministry of Health. The trial will test two vaccines against a placebo. People in Liberia who agree to participate in the trial will be split evenly into three groups. Two groups will test separate vaccines and the third group will be given a placebo. The trial will take place in Montserrado County, which includes the capital Monrovia, one of the country’s hardest-hit regions.

**MORE:** [TIME Person of the Year: Ebola Fighters](http://time.com/poy)

The vaccines have already undergone early safety trials at various sites in the U.S., Europe, and in parts of Africa. “There were no significant safety concerns and \[the vaccine\] induced the type of response that was quite comparable to the animal response of the monkeys,” says Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Prior trials in monkeys had shown the vaccine made the animals immune to the virus.

Initially the target date for the vaccine trial in West Africa had been end of January, but some logistics still need to be worked out. Fauci told TIME that he can say with almost certainty that the trials will indeed launch in early February. “There are a couple of minor issues that we are just ironing out with regard to the protocol with the FDA,” says Fauci. “Nothing that’s a show stopper.”


One of the two vaccines being tested is a vaccine developed and tested by the NIH and pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), and the other vaccine is coming from biotech company NewLink Genetics and the pharmaceutical company Merck.

When the trial starts, the vaccines will initially be given to 600 people to collect additional data on the vaccine’s safety. If all goes well, the second part of the trial will launch with 27,000 people.

### Inside the Ebola Crisis: The Images that Moved them Most

![Ebola in Sierra Leone for the Washington Post](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta424df3baf1dac9e/698760cc524fc0d5f7de9d8b/peter-muller-ebola1.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Pete Muller, Aug. 26, 2014\. Sengema, Sierra Leone."The rain started shortly after a small team of Red Cross burial workers approached the body. The deceased man, reportedly in his mid-sixties, collapsed and died outside his remote home more than a day before the burial team arrived. Having received instructions from officials that bodies of Ebola victims are extremely contagious, his family members placed a sheet over his body, marked a cordon in the sand, and called the Red Cross. With approximately 20 burial workers serving all of Kailahun district, an area the size of Rhode Island and rife with Ebola, the team had a backlog of cases. His family endured the presence of his body, laying prone and exposed to the elements, for more than 24 hours. As the team removed the sheet, the stench of death filled the air. The white cloth around the man’s head was crimson with blood. As burial workers sprayed him with chlorine, family members erupted with emotion. I was moved imagining how I might respond if I were in the situation. To me, this picture represents the range of Ebola’s emotional impact. In the two women, we see the devastation and loss that the virus causes. In the faces of the men, we see a sense of despondence, disbelief and suspicion that also defines the response. It was a difficult but necessary picture to make." Pete Muller—Prime for the Washington Post

![](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt83db931d71d6e5f0/698760cb0b72e3c3f06db0a2/warning211.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)


![Body removal team preps a body to be removed from the West Pont facility.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt76f12607f3a79d90/698760cb524fc01603de9d81/unknown-1.jpeg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Kieran Kesner, Aug. 28, 2014\. Monrovia, Liberia. "This is a photograph of the first person I saw who had died from the Ebola virus in West Point, Monrovia. After the Liberian government mandated all schools be shut down in an attempt to stop the spread of the virus, the empty rooms of this school were converted into a temporary Ebola holding center. I entered the building alone and photographed the woman from a distance. I began to make my way closer to her, being careful to avoid the puddles of vomit and other pools of still liquid on the cement floor. Standing over her, I noticed the unbroken beads of sweat that remained on her face and realized the woman had only died a few hours before. I took a few steps back as a body removal team entered the room. Up until this point, to me, Ebola deaths seemed like statistics, but suddenly it had become real. I became enveloped in fear: fear of the invisible killer in the room, fear that I might have made a mistake, fear that I wouldn’t know for days whether or not I was sick, and fear that I would infect my family and loved ones. I desperately wanted to leave the room, to leave the country, to be home, but I couldn’t. I continued to photograph. I watched as the men burdened with the task of removing her body, clad all in angel white, lifted the woman from her mattress and placed her in a body bag on the floor. I photographed as they sprayed her one last time with disinfectant and zipped it shut." Kieran Kesner—The Wall Street Journal

![Idrissa-koruma, a 35 year old man, the husband of Baindu-koruma a 28 year old woman, grives her death of Ebola deadly virus.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltecf9d9066a260959/698760ca55a8596f3aa833c2/mohammed-elshamy-ebola.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Mohammed Elshamy, Aug. 25, 2014\. Lango village, Kenema, Sierra Leone. "I arrived to Langtown village, Sierra Leone,with a team of volunteers from Kenema governmental hospital. They were there to bury Baindu-Koruma a female victim of the Ebola virus. Everyone was silent. She had been dead for two days, and everyone was terrified of going inside. As the volunteers left with the body, her husband, Idriss Koruma (who can be seen center) and relatives burst into tears. They had only realized then, it seemed, that she was gone. The photo moved me because I felt helpless for the man – having a loved one laying on a bed but you can't say goodbye, as this is the least a human could do for one last time, but in a situation like this you can't because you'll probably get the virus and die as well." Mohammed Elshamy—Anadolu/Getty Images

![Liberia Battles Spreading Ebola Epidemic](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltf5a8c195a16a4780/698760c855a85947a6a833be/453644844-copy.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

John Moore, Aug. 15, 2014\. Monrovia, Liberia. "I arrived to Liberia the night before I entered the blue room. It was in a primary school, originally funded by USAID money, which had been closed due to the Ebola epidemic. The Liberian Ministry of Health had decided to open an Ebola observation ward there, and it was located in the West Point township of Liberia's capital of Monrovia. People were arriving to the school in ambulances and being brought in one by one. I photographed them as they made their way, weakly, into the dark building, which had neither electricity nor running water. The following day I returned to the school. I went back to the same blue room and, although the children had been moved to the classroom next door, new patients had arrived overnight. Two of them were now dead, lying on the floor, in pools of liquid. A third, a shirtless man named Ibrahim, sat near a column in the center of the room. Health workers asked him to try and move to another room, so they would be separated from the corpses lying nearby. I watched as Ibrahim struggled to rise. He got to his feet and began staggering towards the door. Just before he reached the threshold, he fell straight backwards, his head hitting hard on the concrete floor. His wife, Umu rushed into the room and stood over him, horrified, afraid to touch him, unsure what to do. A blank blackboard hung behind her on the wall." John Moore—Getty Images


![Benedicte Kurzen, September 2014."From early morning till late in the afternoon, we followed the Liberian Red Cross. They have a list of people who died and they go to their communities to collect the bodies. Every time the Red Cross workers do the same ](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt1c5132d56effe3b6/698760cbe53abaf8aa4d506a/unknown-2.jpeg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Benedicte Kurzen, September 2014."From early morning till late in the afternoon, we followed the Liberian Red Cross. They have a list of people who died and they go to their communities to collect the bodies. Every time the Red Cross workers do the same thing: they wear protective clothing, interview the family, spray the perimeter and the room, and the body. They carefully open the body bag, carry the body outside for pick up — sprayers and volunteers facing each other — and later remove their protective clothing as carefully as they can. Their work is measured, slow: any direct contact with the dead person's body can be dangerous. In this photo, it is all about the gesture. In this chlorinated, silent corridor, there is little else that can convey humanity besides this gesture. This is one human helping another." Benedicte Kurzen—NOOR

![Dominique Faget, Aug. 26, 2014. Bandor, near Monrovia, Liberia. "I went with a team from the Liberian Red Cross to Bandor from Monrovia to pick up five dead people who had been infected with the Ebola virus. After photographing the removal of three bodie](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltf03d0a52ea57815e/698760c9cd684845040971bb/time254.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Dominique Faget, Aug. 26, 2014\. Bandor, near Monrovia, Liberia. "I went with a team from the Liberian Red Cross to Bandor from Monrovia to pick up five dead people who had been infected with the Ebola virus. After photographing the removal of three bodies, including a young pregnant woman, I followed the team to a small cottage house where we had heard the bodies of a dead couple were. Once there, one of the Red Cross team responsible for the removal of their bodies gestured to me, patting his heart — indicating that these people were still alive. I then approached and photographed this man lying silently in the doorway of his home. I wondered how many days this poor sick man, like hundreds of others, had been waiting alone? Dominique Faget—AFP

![Ahmed Jallanzo, Aug. 20, 2014. Monrovia, Liberia."Violence had broken out in the slum township of West Point as the government tried to quarantine tens of thousands of residents in order to stop the spread of the deadly Ebola virus. As I walked through t](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltceddaf2b60ba5e22/698760c9e53aba34ff4d5066/ahmed-jallanzo-epa.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Ahmed Jallanzo, Aug. 20, 2014\. Monrovia, Liberia."Violence had broken out in the slum township of West Point as the government tried to quarantine tens of thousands of residents in order to stop the spread of the deadly Ebola virus. As I walked through the town to cover the reactions of residents towards security forces, I saw 15-year-old Shakie Kamara bleeding profusely, a pool of blood forming around him, with his right hand placed underneath his broken leg to keep it in balance. He was caught in clashes with police and had been shot. The ambulance service was somewhat slow to respond as he repeatedly cried for help. The tragic irony is that no one dared try to help for fear of contracting the Ebola virus from his blood and bodily fluids, as avoiding contact is one of the measures of preventing the disease from spreading. Ahmed Jallanzo—EPA


![Tommy Trenchard, Aug. 20, 2014. Monrovia, Liberia.](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blt2a12140fad084122/698760cb55a8597509a833c6/tommy-trenchard.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Tommy Trenchard, Aug. 20, 2014\. Monrovia, Liberia. "What's tragic about the case of 15-year-old Shackie Kamara is how needlessly he died. \[He was shot in the legs during clashes with police\]. Ebola didn't kill him, but the fear, panic and confusion it creates led to the circumstances in which he died. He is a symbol of what Ebola can do to a country or a community. The quarantine of West Point was heavily criticized and lifted shortly afterwards. It achieved little, and Ebola remains rife throughout the city. It is also telling that he died of a treatable wound. After health staff started getting ill and hospitals became seen as sites of infection, the whole health system collapsed. If you get sick or injured in Monrovia, there is simply nowhere to go." Tommy Trenchard—NPR

![EBOLASTAFFING](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/bltaf46a735c959cd06/698760ccf887dcd742e87817/20140929_ebola_13681.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Glenna Gordon, Sept. 29, 2014\. Monrovia, Liberia."Ebola is a disease that divides husband and wife, mother and child, doctor and patient. Health care workers in protective gear that look like space suits attend to patients. Men with chlorine spray-cans take away bodies. Families aren't given the chance to say goodbye to their loved ones. Because the virus is transmitted through touch, it overrides the basic human need for contact and connection. In this picture, health care workers hold hands and pray before doing the risky work of entering an Ebola isolation ward. They find a way to connect despite the layers of latex. No one wants to be alone when facing Ebola. I'm not a religious person. At times like this though, there's little to do but hold hands and pray for each other." Glenna Gordon—The Wall Street Journal

![Sylvain Cherkaoui, April 19, 2014. Gueckedou, Guinea."Doctors Without Borders sent me to Guekedou Forest in Guinea to cover the current Ebola crisis. After receiving an alert a team of doctors went to look for a woman who was exhibiting symptoms of the E](https://static.time.com/v3/assets/bltea6093859af6183b/blta19f64cf5e5d7f1b/698760c9cd1bba7a236f2a27/sylvain-cherkaoui.jpg?branch=production&width=1200&quality=75&auto=webp)

Sylvain Cherkaoui, April 19, 2014\. Gueckedou, Guinea."Doctors Without Borders sent me to Guekedou Forest in Guinea to cover the current Ebola crisis. After receiving an alert a team of doctors went to look for a woman who was exhibiting symptoms of the Ebola virus. When one doctor took her temperature, it was confirmed: she was infected and had to be admitted to the care center. After donning protective gear, I followed her into the field hospital and took this picture when health care workers told Finda that she had Ebola. What I did not know was that she had an extremely high viral concentration. The next morning, members of her family came to visit. Not long after, maybe minutes later, a nurse told me that Finda had died during the night. It happened so fast, I was shocked and deeply moved." Following a call, an MSF team goes to consult Finda Marie Kamano, 33 years, she feels great weakness with vomiting and dysentery. With fever, and nose bleeds, what the symptoms are caused by the Ebola virus. After giving her a little water to drink, the woman doctor must tell her that her test is positive to Ebola, Finda remains impassive, several members of his family have died during the last weeks. Sylvain Cherkaoui—Cosmos/Redux for MSF


## Transcript

[ MUSIC ] I have spent five weeks in Liberia over the past three months [ NOISE ] reporting on an outbreak of Ebola that, in the words of one Liberian doctor I met, threatened to erase his country from the map of Africa. Guys, look out. Ebola is a devastating disease [ NOISE ] and the reporting was both heart wrenching and horrifying. Have you touched him? Don't touch him. But for every time I wrote about rising death tolls, I met extraordinary men and women who risked everything from disease to distrust and even death, to stop Ebola from taking more lives. Ebola is very scary. You have to have courage.

[ MUSIC ] One of the heights of Ebola. There was nowhere for anyone to go. There's dead bodies on the ground. [ MUSIC ] These are their stories. [ MUSIC ] [ FOREIGN ] [ MUSIC ] [ NOISE ] Being a doctor in Liberia is just sacrificial from beginning to end. You're not making anything. It's almost like a volunteer job. That's not [ UNKNOWN ]. [ NOISE ] [ MUSIC ] My first experience as an Ebola patient the lab technician walked in with a spacesuit and I mean, he was taking every precaution not to touch and not to get infected himself. I could see the fear in his eyes. Eyes. [ MUSIC ] When the test results came back that evening and I was told that I was Ebola positive, something strange happened.

I relaxed, okay, because I was happy it was not malaria. [ MUSIC ] Luckily we got. A place at Elwa Treatment Center, where they found a spot. Sadly, somebody had just passed and I was going to take their spot. Interestingly, they put me into a room where I had the guy who we assume I got the infection from. Lying right, right next to me. [ MUSIC ] At one time I was hiccupping with every breath, so they thought I, I, I wasn't gonna make it. And they were even discussing whether I would be cremated or buried. [ NOISE ] [ MUSIC ] I'm thankful to just be alive, because with such a close call, I consider myself like somebody who has come back from the dead.

[ APPLAUSE ] [ NOISE [ My name is Katie Meyler and I'm the founder of More Than Me. [ MUSIC ] I wasn't really afraid for our girls or for More Than Me because it was in Lofa County, it was far away. And who is Esther? Where's Esther? [ MUSIC ] Eventually, it hit JFK Hospital, which is one of the main hospitals here in the capital, and that's when people started to get afraid. Everyone's thinking, if this thing gets to West Point, the country's in trouble, because it's the most densely populated area in West Africa. [ MUSIC ] So we got this ambulance specifically for West Point. And we pull up to Redemption Hospital and there pulling dead bodies out of Redemption.

Doesn't seem like people are moving fast enough and like everyone has accepted. It feels like their families have accepted their death. [ MUSIC ] In this crazy scene of death and dying and dead bodies, and screaming and crying and mourning. Is this cute little three to four year old girl with her pink party dress on just sitting on the steps of this ambulance with no symptoms of Ebola. Do you wanna doll baby? Yeah, I'll bring you one. My name Katie. Nice to meet you. I love you. Her mom died and now the girl had nowhere to go. [ MUSIC ] Guideon. Yeah? Please, please keep her safe away from harm.

Yeah, yeah, yeah. I [ CROSSTALK ]. This was going on all over the place. I mean, I started to see it more and more. And she was the first child I got close to. And I was like, she cannot stay at Redemption Hospital cuz if this girl, she might have Ebola, she might not. If she doesn't have it, she's definitely gonna get it and most likely she'll die because there's no help here are Redemption. [ NOISE ] So that's what this house became. It was called Housing Observation and Pediatric Evaluation for 21 days. Laugh. [ LAUGH ] Laugh [ LAUGH ] Laugh. [ LAUGH ] Laugh. [ LAUGH ] Laugh. [ LAUGH ] So that was the first child.

And one of the nurses brought her here. [ FOREIGN ] But only for like extreme emergencies, where like kids literally would be homeless. Laugh. [ LAUGH ] My name is Foday Galla. I happen to be the supervisor of the district number 13 ambulances. [ MUSIC ] And I believe it was my calling so once I'm called to do this, I always love to help people. [ MUSIC ] You have to have passion. You have to have feelings. You have to have care. [ MUSIC ] I actually got sick trying to help a family of eight. [ MUSIC ] That I really tried to help, but seven of them had to lose their life to the Ebola virus. [ NOISE ] [ UNKNOWN ] The worst part was that people that I moved in with in the ETU, they died.

They died right before my eyes. [ NOISE ] So I feel good picking up people and driving them to the centers and seeing them coming out. So this is why, this is the reason why. Why I really love to help to take people to the center, have them treated, and have them come home to their families. [ MUSIC ] Hello. What I went through in life, some of those things have had impact on. Dr. Brown. My desire to help, to relieve people out of their suffering. There is a family of nine, nine. I think there were about 14 that got infected. And out of the 14, we have. Nine survivors. There are a lot of things I've really learned from this outbreak.

One of which is being able to look around yourself and see what you can use that's available. To find a remedy to the situation. Than just sitting and waiting for a remedy from outside. What's in your power, how you can make use of what's available. [ MUSIC ] My name's Ella Watson- Stryker. I'm working with MSF as a health promoter, that means that my job is primarily focused on making sure that people have the information they need about Ebola. When you have countries where there is no functioning disease surveillance system, it means that a virus can circulate for months in a rural area without anyone noticing.

Wasn't until a doctor was infected and died that someone started to say, wait a minute, this is not normal, we need to investigate. [ MUSIC ] This is something that we allow to happen. It will continue in this way until better systems are put in place. And if anything comes out of this outbreak, I hope, it's that we learn how to be better at looking for, at health status in rural and urban communities, both. In areas where people don't have good access to healthcare. [ MUSIC ] [ MUSIC ] When. [ MUSIC ] We started having survivors here at the unit. Then people started coming to the E. T. U. in large numbers.

What is your total number of releases? I know you are in one of those units that have released more people. Total number of releases. I know we have more than [ MUSIC ] I'm doing it because if I wasn't here on the ground, doing my job, I would be in the US reading newspapers and saying someone needs to be doing something. I thought my whole life I had nothing. And here are people who don't have drinking water or a hospital in their villages. And I wanted to help, you know? And regardless of your religion, I think that like, I know for sure like even if I died during Ebola, at least I lived for something I believed in.

Can you smile? [ LAUGH ] Somebody has to. To do the job. I'm looking at it like we're fighting a war. And we all have to play our part, and I just feel that it's a duty, that I have to go back. Okay, until we can get rid of it entirely. [ MUSIC ] [ FOREIGN ] [ FOREIGN ]. [ FOREIGN ]. [ FOREIGN ]. [ FOREIGN ]. [ FOREIGN ].

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